| The various methods and processes for recovering ruthenium from spent catalysts are reviewed. Melting oxidative distillation is currently the most mature and widely used method in industry. Due to the complicated process, long steps, high requirements for equipment in industrialization, in recent years, scholars and industry experts have proposed process technologies such as reduction precipitation, direct oxidation, and displacement, but there have been no reports of industrial applications. Thus simplifying the process and improving the recovery rate of germanium，it is the focus and difficulty of the current research work on recycling. |
