| Converting carbon dioxide (CO2) into formic acid (FA) through thermochemical hydrogenation is an important way to achieve the recycling of carbon dioxide and reduce emissions. In addition, by using this process, the storage and transportation problems of hydrogen energy can be also solved. Catalysts is crucial to the conversion efficiency of carbon dioxide and the selectivity for formic acid. In particular, Precious metal catalysts, due to their excellent ability to activate hydrogen, have become a research hotspot and focus of many hydrogenation reactions. Based on the analysis of the relevant literature published at home and abroad in the past decade, this paper reviews research progress in the application of homogeneous catalysts with ruthenium, iridium and rhodium as the main catalytic active components in the catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to formic acid. The influence of solvents and ligands on catalytic performance is emphatically analyzed. The solvent system can change the reaction environment and will affect the reaction direction. The proper modification of the ligand can also have positively effect on the reaction mechanism, stability and catalytic process, thereby improving the performance of the catalyst. Finally, the challenges and development trends faced in homogeneous precious metal catalysts are proposed. |
